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4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol
Description: 4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol (C.A.S. 80-05-7) comes in the form of white flakes or crystals. Its primary use, or 53% of its total, is for epoxy resins; 31% is used as a chemical intermediary for polycarbonate resins; and 16% is used in miscellaneous applications, including as a chemical intermediary for phenoxy and polysufone resins. It is also used as a fungicide, and in the manufacturing of flame retardants and rubber chemicals. Chemical properties: 4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol crystallizes as prisms from dilute acetic acid and as needles from water. It has a mildly phenolic odor. It is practically insoluble in water. It is soluble in aqueous alkaline solutions, ether, benzene, alcohol, and acetone; it is slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride. Its boiling point is 220 degrees C if the pressure is 4 millimeters of mercury; its melting point is 150-155 degrees C. Reactivity: 4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol is stable under normal laboratory conditions. Solutions of this chemical in water, DSMO, 95% ehtanol or acetone should be stable for 24 hours under normal lab conditions. 4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol is incompatible with strong oxidizers. It is also incompatible with strong bases, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides. (NTP, 1992). Synonyms are bisphenol; 4.4'-bisphenol A; bisphenol A; P,P’-bisphenol A; 4,4'-(1-methylethylidine)bisphenol; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)dimethylmethane; beta, beta’-bis(P-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(P-hydroxyphenyl)propane; bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; P,P’-dihydroxydiphenyldimethylmethane; 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyldimethylmethane; 2,2-(4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)propane; 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl-2,2-propane; beta-di-p-hydroxyphenylpropane; 2,2-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; dimethyl bis(P-hydroxyphenyl)methane; dimethylmethylene-P,P’-diphenol; diphenylolpropane; 2,2-di(4-phenylol)propane; isopropylidenebis(4-hydroxybenzene); P-P’-isopropylidenediphenol; 4,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bisphenol; phenol,4,4'-dimethylmethylenedi-; and phenol,4,4'-isopropylidenedi-. Identification: Health effects: Solid 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol is irritating to the skin and eyes; the dust is irritating to upper respiratory passages. The most probable routes of human exposure are inhalation and dermal contact of workers involved in the manufacture, use, transport, or packaging of the chemical. The chemical has not undergone a complete evaluation and determination under EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System program for evidence of human carcinogenic potential. Economics: U.S. manufacturers of 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol are ACC Holdings Corp., Haverhill, OH; Dow Chemical, Freeport, TX; General Electric Co., Mount Vernon, IN; Shell Chemical Co., Deer Park, TX; and Union Carbide Corp., Penuelas, PR. Regulation: 4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol is regulated under the Toxic Substances Control Act, and the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. The Food and Drug Administration regulates it as an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.
Under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, releases of more than one pound of 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol into the air, water, or land must be reported annually and entered into the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). National Overview of 1998 Toxics Release Inventory See EPA's Toxic Release Inventory. Notations: The NIOSH recommended exposure limits (RELs) are time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations for up to a 10-hour workday during a 40-hour workweek. A short-term exposure limit (STEL) is designated by "ST" preceding the value; unless noted otherwise, the STEL is a 15-minute TWA exposure that should not be exceeded at any time during a workday. A ceiling REL is designated by "C" preceding the value. Any substance that NIOSH considers to be a potential occupational carcinogen is designated by the notation "Ca." The OSHA permissible exposure limits (PEL) are found in Tables Z-1, Z-2, and Z-3 of the OSHA General Industry Air Contaminants Standard (29 CFR 1910.1000). Unless noted otherwise, PEL are TWA concentrations that must not be exceeded during any 8-hour workshift of a 40-hour workweek. A STEL is designated by "ST" preceding the value and is measured over a 15-minute period unless noted otherwise. OSHA ceiling concentrations (designated by "C" preceding the value) must not be exceeded during any part of the workday; if instantaneous monitoring is not feasible, the ceiling must be assessed as a 15-minute TWA exposure. In addition, there are a number of substances from Table Z-2 (e.g., beryllium, ethylene dibromide, etc.) that have PEL ceiling values that must not be exceeded except for specified excursions. For example, a "5-minute maximum peak in any 2 hours" means that a 5-minute exposure above the ceiling value, but never above the maximum peak, is allowed in any 2 hours during an 8-hour workday. Information Sources:
Originally published in Environment Writer by the National Safety Council. Reprinted with permission. Environment Writer Metcalf Institute for Marine and Environmental Reporting University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography Office of Marine Programs Narragansett, RI 02882 Tel: 401-874-6211; Fax: 401-874-6485 Disclaimer * Copyright 2002-2006 * All rights reserved. * University of Rhode Island |